The Movement Activity End Human Trafficking - 2417 Words

Activism Activity: End Human Trafficking Introduction The issue of human trafficking has swept the globe with the exploitation of millions of women, men, and children of all ages, races, and religions. As social workers, it is imperative to understand the depth of this social issue and how it relates to the victims that are being served. Not only is it important to understand the issue but also it is critical to raise awareness and participate in activism to end this form of violence. For my activism activity, I chose to research and create a video regarding human trafficking and ways to become involved in creating change. Human Trafficking as a Social Problem Human trafficking has many definitions, but can be simply defined as â€Å"the†¦show more content†¦Although men are also victims of trafficking, women and children are most likely to be exploited and coerced. The International Labor Organization (as cited in Cecchet Thoburn, 2014) estimates that 98% of the victims of sex trafficking are women and children. For the purpose of this assignment, I chose to focus on women and children and review the different ways to advocate for them. The Scope and Impact of Human Trafficking There is a specific population of children who are targeted by traffickers, which include homeless and runaway youth. The risk factors that contribute to their high level of vulnerability include poverty, severe abuse and neglect within the family, drug and alcohol abuse, and unstable relationships with their caregivers. Unfortunately, many victims also have a past traumatic experience with sexual molestation, rape or incest in their early childhood (Countryman-Roswum Bolin, 2014). As well as children, women who have had emotionally or physically traumatizing pasts are more vulnerable to falling prey to human traffickers. Feelings of instability and a low sense of belonging can lead to women looking to fill an emotional gap that traffickers are targeting. Women who have survived human trafficking, specifically forced prostitution, describe that initially they had been in love with their pimps and their pimps filled the void that were looking for. A victim

Advice That Stuck Always Add Value - 1118 Words

Advice that Stuck: Always Add Value We get bombarded with advice throughout our career. Even as you read this post, you are going to get some advice. Some advice is sage wisdom. Some is contrarian. Some is bad. But sometimes, there is a true diamond in the rough that passes the test of time. When I was doing tech support, my manager at the time offered this advice to me that has not only stuck, but became a personal mantra I’ve had through my career up to this point. â€Å"Always add value in everything you do† Adding value doesn’t necessarily require a huge production or a large amount of money. No matter what you value you add, make sure that what you do doesn’t have a hidden agenda. Behaviors that do not appear authentic will quickly be detected, and your reputation will tarnish. With that in mind, karma plays a huge role in value add. Further down, I will identify people as â€Å"customers†. This is not strictly for people who pay you money for a product or service. Customers can consist of coworkers who ask you to do work for them. In this case, they are asking for something and you get a wage for your efforts. For simplicity, people you do work for will be identified as customers. Why this advice is so important It justifies higher pay (with patience and strategic maneuvering) When people work, they expect you to do activities A, B, and C. They get paid for A, B, and C. Suppose you do your job with some added value, you do the activities A+1, B+1, and C+1. YouShow MoreRelatedThe World Of Healthcare Has Been Revolutionized And Changed Ever Since The End Of World War1133 Words   |  5 Pagesthe patient and making sure they get well. By having amenities, patients and their guests will feel welcomed and cared for, even if they are not there for themselves. Offering more to patients at no extra cost definitely adds costs to the hospital but it adds also adds value, not only for patients but also for their guests. 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Changing Organizational Culture and Development

Question: Discuss about the Changing Organizational Culture and Development. Answer: Introduction The study is related to different perspectives of organizational change. Organizational change is a perspective that an organization has to face in order to compete with the rapid change in the competitive business world. The definition of organizational change along with theoretical perspectives is defined in terms of theories of organizational change that underpins the necessity of change in the different departments of the organization. Apart from the definition of organizational change, the description of the organization along with the areas of organizational change is also described in the study. Role of change agent in the organizational change management is explained in the perspective of Toyota Motor Corporation. Successful strategies of organizational change include a common vision for the change. A concrete plan is required for measuring the effectiveness of the change in the organization by using the various theoretical approaches of organizational change. Theoretical perspectives of organizational change Organization change is defined as the change adopted by any companies in order to transform their form of business operations. When strategies of business or a major section of the companies is altered then organizational change is happened. Organizational change is required in order to cope up with the competitive business environment. There are many factors that initiates the organizational change such as rapid development of technology and globalization of markets (Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015). However, it can be said that initiatives of organizational change when implemented in the organizational context, then the initiators have to face many issues and problems. there are many theories that describes organizational change in the real life scenarios. It will be described in the next section of the study. The theories of Kotters change management model and Lewins change management model will be described in the perspectives of the initiatives of organizational change management. Lewins Change management model It is a popular theoretical model that is applied most of the organizations while implementing strategies of change management. According to Lewis, employees of an organization usually prefer to work in a certain environment within a preferred zones and safety. There are three stages of the theory (Barak, 2013). They are discussed in the following. Unfreeze- In this stage, most of the employees in the organizations are found to resist the change proposed by the initiators of the organizational change. While overcoming the tendency, a stage of unfreezing or thawing should be initiated while implementing steps of motivation. Transition- Transition is the second phase of the model. When a change is initiated in the internal departments of the organization, then it is noticed that the company shifts into a transition mode that lasts for some time. Reassurance and adequate leadership are the essential elements that are required for successful completion of this process (Batras, Duff Smith, 2016). Refreeze- It is the last stage of the model; the change is being accepted and implemented successfully when the company will become stable. The staffs of the organization refreeze, as they will operate according to the new patterns of change management guidelines. Kotter has proposed the theory of change management model that consists of eight steps. The steps are discussed below. The first stage is creating an increase of urgency for the change required for the organization. The second stage is building a team who are dedicated to the change. Third stage is creating a vision for the change. Fourth stage is communicating the necessity of change. The fifth stage is empowering staffs with their capabilities to the change. Sixth step is related to creating short-term goals (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). Seventh step is related to stay persistent. Last step is making the change permanent. Organizational change within Toyota The organization chosen for the description of the organizational change is Toyota Motor Corporation. This section will describe the company profile along with the need of organizational change in the organization. Apart from that, the initiators of the change will be described below along with the implementation of theoretical frameworks. Toyota Motor Corporation is an organization that is present almost all countries of the world. Toyota is considered as the 13th largest company in terms of revenue. In terms of capitalization, Toyota Motor Corporation is considered as largest listed company in Japan. In the market of hybrid electric vehicles, Toyota has the largest market in the world. Toyota in terms of encouraging mass market in terms of adopting hybrid vehicles are responsible for creating the largest position across the globe (Bond Haynes, 2014). Products of Toyota Motor Corporation include luxury vehicles, automobiles, engines and commercial vehicles. The basic principle of Toyota is to focus on the needs of the employees so that they can serve their best to the company in order to attract more customers to the company. Apart from that, innovation is the main point of consideration regarding the development of cars with high quality and within a particular time. The organizational values of the organization are focused with the profitability along with the organizational commitment (By, Oswick Burnes, 2014). Description of change Organizational change is required in Toyota in the manufacturing site of Toyota. It is seen that Toyota is famous for its Just in Time manufacturing process. However, it can be pointed out that not all the manufacturing facilities of Toyota Motor Corporation are implementing this process of manufacturing. The main principle of the company is to focus the highest value on the implementation process while taking action. The company is known for its good employee relations (Calegari Sibley Turner, 2015). The supervisors of those manufacturing sites have put emphasis on this aspect and hence they are the agent of bringing change while initiating the proper forms of just in time manufacturing process. A clean mode of communication is being maintained among the other employees present at the sites. Once the need and importance of the manufacturing process is being conveyed then it will become much easy in order to implement the change in the organizational context. By constant monitoring the activities and improvement in the process of change management, the changes can be implemented in a proper manner (Cameron Green, 2015). The employees of Toyota Motor Corporation are improving their productivity while delivering best service in the manufacturing of automobiles and other luxury vehicles. Organizational change in Toyota The change that is happening in the manufacturing sites of Toyota Motor Corporation is valid from the perspective of increasing profitability and superior quality of the cars for the customers. The vision and mission of Toyota Motor corporation is focused on providing values to the employees and customers. It is the reason of pursuing organizational change within the organization. In the earlier part, it is described that organizational change is necessary in order to match the standards of the competitive business environment (Carter et al., 2013). The code of conduct of Toyota Motor Corporation is committed to deliver superior quality of automobiles to its customers while satisfying the needs of the customers. The change initiator of the company can use the Kotters change management model and Lewins change management model within the organizational context in order to implement the urge of organizational change among the minds of the employees working at those manufacturing sites o f Toyota Motor Corporation (Chrobot-Mason Aramovich, 2013). SWOT analysis and its benefits SWOT analysis of Toyota Motor Corporation is described in this section in the context of the organizational change required in some of the manufacturing sites of the company. It is found that the employees of these sites are not meeting the organizational goals. Apart from that, the employee performances of these operational departments are not up to the mark that is not accepted by the company. Hence, the SWOT analysis of the organizational change of Just in Time is described below so that it can be implemented in a proper way through utilizing the maximum benefits of the process (Coghlan, Rashford de Figueiredo, 2015). Strengths The organizational change of implementing proper forms of Just in time in the manufacturing sites is the speciality of the company. Toyota is the founder of this system that has immense benefits. Organizational change related to the different aspects of the system of manufacturing is related to many organizational benefits (Cummings Worley, 2014). Weaknesses Weakness of this organizational change is related to the decreased productivity of the company. It is also responsible for the decreased productivity of the employees. Opportunities The opportunities of this organizational change management are immense. Improvement in the group cohesiveness of the manufacturing sites of Toyota Improved team performance is a result of the implementation of the organizational change. Finally, the profitability of the company will increase in a substantial amount (D'Netto et al., 2014). Threats Threats of the organizational this change is related to the improper implementation of the steps of the organizational change management models. If the change initiator does not initiate the steps, then the results regarding the production of the cars may be affected in the manufacturing sites of the company (Dunford et al., 2013). SWOT analysis in terms of the proposed organizational change is useful while determining the weaknesses and threats so that the company can formulate solutions in order to mitigate the weaknesses of the proposed model. The opportunities and strengths of the model are considered as the benefits of the proposed models. In the earlier section of the study, it can be said that the company is facing issues in the level of production in some of the production houses of the company at some places (George et al., 2015). The change initiators i.e. the supervisor of the facilities are responsible for identification of the problem and its root causes. If the causes of the problems are not identified, then it is impossible to implement actual forms of change management models while proceeding with the models of change management while pursuing with the organizational change management. From the objectivist point of view the profitability of the company along with the production level of the empl oyees are taken into consideration. The objectivists point of view also focuses on the different strategies proposed by the company at the different stages of operations in the corporate offices of the company (Hickman Ojo, 2014). The organizational change is mainly proposed to the different aspects of social construct. Toyota Motor Corporation is focused on the aspect of employee relations. Apart from that, the aspect of the community is also important as the approaches of sustainability and other different corporate strategies are focused on the community. Customers, employees, and community are the main areas of focus of the company (Hornstein, 2015). It is the reason of proposing the organizational change. However, it can be said that the organization culture is related to the effectiveness of the proposed organizational change. Employee relations are also creating a vital impact in the different approaches of the implication of just in time. behaviour and attributes of the employees comes under the aspect of socio-cultural construct. This aspect cannot be ignored as the relation of the employers have a positive impact on the productivity of the firm. Role of change agent A change agent is defined as the person or individual who is responsible for undertaking the task to initiate and manage different types of change in the company. A change agent or a change initiator can be both external and internal. Internal change agent includes employees, supervisors and managers who are responsible for managing the organizational change in the organization (Levanti Klein, 2016). However, it can be said that in many multinational companies such as Toyota Motor Corporation different employees are trained in a way so that they can develop required skills while overseeing changes. In many cases, it is seen that, innovation driven companies also hires external change agent in order to identify the problems faced by the different organizational departments as well as to solve the issues by implementing appropriate measures of successful change management models (Mishra, 2013). However, there are different types of change agent present. The types of change agents are outside pressure type, people change technology type, analysis for the top type, organizational development type, etc. In this context, it can be said that organizational development type change agent is responsible for initiating the organizational change in the manufacturing sites of Toyota Motor Corporation (Osiyevskyy Dewald, 2015). An organizational development change agent is defined as the individuals that focus on the internal processes like communications, intergroup relations, operational strategies and decision-making process. The interventions used by the organizational-development type change agent are known as cultural change approach, as they analyse the strategies and the organization culture thoroughly. The approach used by this type of change agents covers many aspects such as team building, sensitivity training, and feedback of the survey (Senge, 2014). In this situation, th e supervisors of the manufacturing sites of the company in different areas are considered as the organizational development type of change agent. The roles of the change agent in the manufacturing sites of Toyota Motor Corporation can be categorized into few stages. They are described below. The change agent can act as the consultant where the supervisor places the set of employees in touch of the information that are collected from outside the company. It helps the employees as well as the change agent while collecting data from inside the organization also. The ultimate purpose of the agent is to help the organization while finding solutions to the identified problems. Toyota Motor Corporation along with other organization is in need of an individual that will favour the organizational change. As an advocate, change agent helps in gaining support regarding the new initiative and engages different people while participating in it. These change agents are responsible in spreading the requirement of different types organizational change among the minds of the employees especially in the manufacturing facilities of the company (Shirey, 2013). As a counsellor, the change agent helps in altering the behaviours, attitudes and activities of the employees. The sense of stability from the different types of employees when gets removed then people will experience different types of varied emotions. Risks are to be taken by the employees who are confronting the change in order to receive excellent outcomes from the proposed changes. As an expert, change agents depend on their level on their expertise in order to build a level of authority in order to supervise the employees of the organization. Through knowledge sharing the change agents can take different types of steps that drives them in a right path while leading people to the right path towards organizational change (Tynjl, 2013). The most important role of the change agent in Toyota Motor Corporation is to help people while adopting different steps of organizational change. As a facilitator, change agents usually clarify the doubts of the different employees at different platforms. The role of the facilitator in Toyota Motor Corporation is to design tools, systems, processes and forms while enabling people to the pathway of success in the process of change. The role is usually creative and helpful. The change agent in Toyota Motor Corporation as a mediator is responsible to manage the conflicts and resistances among the employees of the manufacturing sites at different locations. Change agents of the company are indulged themselves in improving the understanding level of the employees while reducing the rate of friction between the employees in a way so that they can participate in the different types of activities of the change management (Vakola, Armenakis Oreg, 2013). Problem-centric and dialogic approaches to change In the earlier section of the study, it is mentioned that the organizational change is required in the manufacturing facilities of Toyota Motor Corporation. There are two suggested modes of change management models that are proposed in the above section of the study in order to make a successful change in response to the identified problems of the organization. Apart from that, the advantages and disadvantages of the two mentioned models of change management are discussed in the following. Advantages of Kotter Change management model: The model focuses to obtain the buy-in from the main employees while ensuring success of the organizational change. Kotter change management model is applicable in its best form to the organizations following organizational structures in a traditional pattern (Whitworth et al., 2014). Disadvantages of Kotter Change management model: The model is considered as a top down model. Hence, the opportunities of the model can be skipped, as all the employees are not involved in creation of the newly framed vision and mission. The Kotters model leads to resentment and resistance among the different kinds of employees if the change curve has not taken the considerations of the reactions of the people in the process of change management (Shirey, 2013). Advantages of Lewins change management model Force field analysis of the model is considered as one of the most important advantage of the model. It is used in visualizing the summary of the different factors that supports or oppose the idea of the organization change. Force field analysis is used in expanding the evaluation of the data which is collected from the graph. The model is easy to understand (D'Netto et al., 2014). The model focuses on the people who are not in favour of the organizational change. They are resistant to the proposed organizational change. It is the main factor that the employees must focus on the implementing the changes of the selected area of the organization. Disadvantages of Lewins change management model The main disadvantage of the model is that it cannot focus on all the aspects of the model in a same time. The model is very plan and goal oriented as well as rational. It is theoretically good. However, during the process of implementation, the rational aspect of the model does not considered the human experiences and feelings. It is advantageous for the over excited employees while it is most appropriate for the employees who are creating resistances to the different aspects of organizational change (Hornstein, 2015). However, on describing the advantages and disadvantages of the two models of the change management models mentioned above, it can be said that Lewins change management model is more suitable. It is seen that the change management model of Lewis has a many advantages when compared with Kotters change management model. In this perspective, if the change agent of the manufacturing sites of the company at different locations. The Kotters management model is also a good model on initiating the steps of change management at the organizational level (Dunford et al., 2013). However, the organizational-development type change agent on using the Lewins change management model will actually remove the hindrances and barriers of the employees. Conclusion The study focuses on the need of organizational change in the different production sites of Toyota Motor Corporation. The need of the change is described in details along with the need of different types of change management models in order to mitigation of the problems faced by the company. Apart from that, the change agent of the company is responsible for identification of the problem along with implementation of the strategy. The role of the change agent is described in details within the organizational perspective of the Toyota Motor Corporation. Detailed descriptions of the theoretical frameworks of the change management models are described along with the advantages and disadvantages of the models. References Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S. (2015).Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress. Routledge. Barak, M.E.M. (2013).Managing diversity: Toward a globally inclusive workplace. Sage Publications. Batras, D., Duff, C., Smith, B. J. (2016). Organizational change theory: implications for health promotion practice.Health promotion international,31(1), 231-241. Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Bond, M.A. and Haynes, M.C. (2014). Workplace diversity: A socialecological framework and policy implications.Social Issues and Policy Review,8(1), pp.167-201. By, R. T., Oswick, C., Burnes, B. (2014). Looking back and looking forward: Some reflections on journal developments and trends in organizational change discourse.Journal of Change Management,14(1), 1-7. Calegari, M.F., Sibley, R.E. and Turner, M.E. (2015). A Roadmap for Using Kotter's Organizational Change Model to Build Faculty Engagement in Accreditation.Academy of Educational Leadership Journal,19(3), p.31. Cameron, E. and Green, M. (2015).Making sense of change management: a complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Carter, M. Z., Armenakis, A. A., Feild, H. S., Mossholder, K. W. (2013). Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(7), 942-958. Chrobot-Mason, D. and Aramovich, N.P. (2013). The psychological benefits of creating an affirming climate for workplace diversity.Group Organization Management,38(6), pp.659-689. Coghlan, D., Rashford, N. S., de Figueiredo, J. N. (2015).Organizational change and strategy: An interlevel dynamics approach. Routledge. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. D'Netto, B., Shen, J., Chelliah, J. and Monga, M. (2014). Human resource diversity management practices in the Australian manufacturing sector.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(9), pp.1243-1266. Dunford, R., Cuganesan, S., Grant, D., Palmer, I., Beaumont, R., Steele, C. (2013). Flexibility as the rationale for organizational change: a discourse perspective.Journal of Organizational Change Management,26(1), 83-97. George, P., MacDonnell, C., Nimmagadda, J., Murphy, J. and Dollase, R. (2015). Designing interprofessional education curriculum using multiple conceptual frameworks.Annals of Behavioral Science and Medical Education,21(1), pp.9-13. Hickman, S. and Ojo, O. (2014). Implementing Early supported discharge, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Community, Primary care, Multidisciplinary team, Change management, Kotter's 8-step Model.GSTF Journal of Nursing and Health Care (JNHC),1(1). Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. Levanti, G., Klein, L. (2016). Introduction to the JOTSC Special Issue on Leveraging Organizational Change and Knowledge Management to Address Environmental Complexity.Journal of Organisational Transformation Social Change,13(1), 1-4. Mishra, S. (2013), September. Relevance of Kotters Model for Change in Successfully Implementing Lean. InIFIP International Conference on Advances in Production Management Systems(pp. 540-547). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Osiyevskyy, O. and Dewald, J. (2015). 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The Greatest Battle free essay sample

The people you hang out with, your family, what you listen to and what you watch on television all affect the person you become. My Biology teacher once told me Everyone is born a scientist. You do experiments to figure out what is right or wrong, and you learn from them. When you are growing up you teach yourself things like how to talk and walk. You never get It right the first time, It always takes a practice and a few tries to finally get it right.But once you master the skill you move on to learn something new. Failure, I believe, is a very important way for people to figure out who they really are. Growing up, going through elementary, middle and high school you encounter many types of people and different situations. This is where I think most of the battle to be you takes place. That first day of school when you walk Into a classroom full of other students, I always think the first thing they are going to do Is Judge me, at least that Is the first thing I do when I see or meet new people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Greatest Battle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although people say Its wrong to edge someone, we all do it and as humans we make mistakes. You want to make a good first impression so you experiment with clothes, hairstyles and anything else to see what makes your peers want to be your friend. Once you find the style that fits you, you generally start to hang out with those kids that have the same style and attitude. This Is when you begin to figure out how you act around deferent people and how you treat others.Those people you hang out with greatly affect the things you say, what you watch and listen to and sometimes the way you treat others. There re many groups of people in school: the socks, the nerds, the gothic, the religious people, etc. If you take the chance and become a part of one of these cliques, the challenge of finding who you are is tested. You are put in situations where saying or doing something could make you or break you in that clique. Weather you go through with these challenges or not tell the people around you the type of person you really are.Lets say everyone In your clique was making fun of the new girl because she didnt have very many friends and she was a little weird: If you go along tit those people and make fun of her it shows you are not a very nice person, but if you go against what they are doing in the end you may lose those friends but you gain a whole new group of ones that appreciate you. This is a battle that some people are faced with when trying to become themselves. You arent going to stick with the same people throughout your entire life, and situations like this are the ones that you will be faced with more than once In your lifetime.Hanging out with different groups of people is like trying on a pair of jeans. You keep trying different pairs until you find the one that you are the most comfortable in, or in this situation, which group you are most comfortable with. Even today, as a college student, I still struggle to find the group of friends I am most comfortable with. This is a lifelong battle because you make new friends through time. And you lose friends along the sometimes make the wrong choice as well. Instead of this being a regret you have in life, it is a learning experience.What does it mean to be yourself? I believe to be ourselves it means that you are comfortable in your own skin and you do not care what other people think about you. You are a leader and make your own decisions instead of being a follower and have people make decisions for you. I also believe that it means to be the person you are when nobody else is around. You dont let what music says or what television states is the cool thing to do affect your life. Celebrities make it tough to not let the media effect the decisions you make.When you see those people on the covers of magazines because they have an addiction, ids think if they do what these celebrities have, they will get that much attention as well. These celebrities also impact the way people dress. If they are wearing risky clothing, kids believe that is the style and will want to dress like that as well. I think the music you listen to also plays a factor in the person you are. If you listen too lot of rap and hip-hop you are more likely to use profanity while having a conversation with someone. But if you listen to classical music you act more calm and easy-going. This isnt always the case though. I listen too lot of rap but I also listen to country and Christian music and I do not use the language they do in rap songs. Depending on where you are in the Journey of becoming yourself, I believe you sometimes have the ability to block out these pressures and not let them affect you. When you are put in situations, you are put to the test of figuring if you are actually being you. This journey is one that starts the day you are born, and ends the day you die. You learn from the people around you, music, television and most of all yourself.

Is Justice Truly Blind Essays - Drug Policy Of The United States

Is Justice Truly Blind We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created equal. Thomas Jefferson wrote these immortal words in the Declaration of Independence in 1776. One has the right to impose the question Are we truly equal? simply by taking a look at American society. Presently, the United States is a country in which thirty-three percent of the male ages eighteen to thirty years old of African decent are in jail, on probation or parole. This is an exceptionally high statistic in comparison to their white counterparts. Some people argue that those statistics reflect high rate of crime, which is prevalent in African-American communities. Specifically the areas of concern are impoverished. The rate of unemployment is higher than the national average. The average income is considerably lower; this leads to a sense of helplessness and hopelessness. In the nineteen eighties unemployment was high and so was inflation, crack became a channel of escape. Powder cocaine, whose usage also gave ris e in the eighties was fashionable in upscale Caucasian neighborhoods and was viewed as glamorous and clean. Just as there is, a difference in the form of a drug that is preferred between the two ethnic groups so is the severity of justice that is meted out. Federal law requires a mandatory sentence of five years for the possession of five grams of crack. To receive the same sentence for cocaine powder form, one must be apprehended in possession of five hundred grams. These disproportionate statistics leads to the notion of the existence of a bias in the justice system to keep the public unequal. If a bias exists why isn't it publicized? This question is valid question with an easy answer. If you, a member of the public are also a member of the white majority, you will not be affected by these biases. Since 1995, discrimination in the court system has become easier to notice. This partially stems from the fact that minorities in general have a history of being unable to afford adequate council. Two examples of these discrimination cases are those of Marvin Green (who barely had a traffic violation) and a young man by the name of Christopher Armstrong. In the first case, Green was the passenger in a car that had been stopped by police. The driver of the car abandoned Green leaving him to take the blame for five grams of cocaine that were found in the car. Facing up to forty years in the federal penitentiary, Green with his family's aid was able to hire a respectable attorney and beat an absurd charge. He was reported to have become the first black acquitted of any crime in the Kansas Federal Courts jurisdiction. The Armstrong case argued that although Armstrong and his co-defendants were not angels by any means, they were selected for federal prosecution because they were black and no other reason. This came during a period of time when the only defendants of federal narcotics charges in California Federal Courts had been minorities. At the same time drug abuse had been relatively parallel in white communities. Policing of the nation's streets is commendable; abusing the power that comes along with it is not. Local prosecutors claim that the high arrest rates are higher in black communities because of a reported lack of secrecy or a so-called open air drug market. Despite the general public's belief, minority convictions relate directly to the fact that they are usually poorly represented by underpaid, understaffed and overworked public defenders. Recent studies have shown that while drug use by whites is at about the same rate as blacks, blacks are five times more likely to be arrested. These alarming rates should call the nation's attention to an obvious bias. No matter what is done there must be a change in how law enforcement handles the delicate race card. These statistics show that America's War on drugs is merely a race war incognito. Do white judges ever consider why there are so many black defendants in criminal cases? Do white judges ever wonder why so few black lawyers appear before them? Do they ever inquire about the history of bar associations that used to exclude Jews and

The Automobile Market in Australia

The Automobile Market in Australia Statement of Purpose The aim of this report is to complete a market research analysis report of the automobile market in Australia that will help the Great Wall motors of china to undertake a strategic planning and make future growth plans.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Automobile Market in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The report will assess data and then make recommendations and conclusion to the management of the great wall motors that will the company to achieve its strategic objectives. The report will use Australian market information to identify and evaluate current and future market opportunities, demand trends within the Australian market and also make an analysis of product types and market segments that could provide growth for the company. Current and Future Market Opportunities Great wall motors, an automotive company established in 1976 is the leading SUV manufacturer in China (Globa l times 2010). The company got a licence to produce sedans in 2008 after two decades of producing trucks and has been hailed as one of the leading exporters of automotives in China, having entered the European market with an incredible success. Currently, it exports it products in more than 60 countries and the major question in this paper is whether this company can succeed in Australia the way it has succeeded in Europe and other countries (China daily 2010). How is Australian automotive market different from these other markets that the great wall motors has succeeded in? It is on record that Australia is one of the few countries worldwide that have facilities to design vehicles and produce them from scratch to dealership and most of the vehicles used in Australia are produced domestically (Lynn 2010). Trends within Australia Auto Market Australia is known for producing large sized passenger vehicles though there is a growing market for sports utility vehicles and sedans. One of the government policies that have had a huge impact on the Australian automotive market is global integration where the government has lowered the tariffs, providing the industry with an opportunity to adjust. The government helped the industry to internationalize while at the same time making sure it remains stable. There are four major manufacturers operating in Australia. These are Ford, Toyota, General Motors and Mitsubishi. Productivity in the automotive industry has improved significantly over the last ten years due to the benefits of market liberalization (Unescap 2009).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Characteristics of possible markets Unlike Australia which favours PMVs, not many other markets have a huge propensity for PMVs. Modern markets are tilting towards small fuel efficient vehicles which is also a trend identified in Australia. Due to the skyrock eting oil prices around the world, people have resorted to buying vehicles that can economise on fuel and that is where the great wall motors should focus its attention on. Consumer segments for growth There are two consumer segments that can provide economic growth for this company. These are the sports utility vehicles segments and the small trucks market segment. Sports utility vehicles have been a source of competitive advantage for great wall motors and will continue to be because the company has already made inroads into that segment. The small trucks segment is an area that has been avoided by many automakers meaning that foraying into this segment can provided the much needed growth. Analysis of the Australian Domestic and Overseas Market Using Research Information The Australian automotive industry has four major players and all the manufacturers are subsidiaries of overseas giants meaning that there is no indigenous automotive manufacturer in Australia. The size of the ind ustry has grown over the recent years with sales hitting 0.8 Million annually with the passenger vehicles taking the biggest chunk of the market. There are also heavy trucks being assembled in Australia but there is no production of light trucks in Australia at the present. All light trucks are manufactured outside. Local manufacturers confine themselves to passenger motor vehicles because this is the dominant characteristic of the Australian motor industry. The long distance between major cities in Australia and transport infrastructure that can cater for larger vehicles has made the consumers to value the PMVs. Fuel prices in Australia are also low and the PMVs have features that make travelling in the country comfortable. However Australians are moving towards small inexpensive vehicles that facilitate travels within cities. There may be stiff competition between the manufacturers of PMVs but the modern shift towards small inexpensive sedans has created an opportunity that can be utilised by any automotive manufacturer. One characteristic of the Australian market is their disregard for the sports utility vehicles. Apparently, no automaker in Australia assembles or produces sports utility vehicles locally. Australia imports sports utility vehicles from Europe, Japan and Australia. There exists opportunities in Australia for light trucks and small sedans and any player planning to venture in the Australian motor industry must exploit the void in the Australian motor market. Australian major automotive markets overseas are concentrated in the Middle East, the leading consumer being Saudi Arabia which takes 50 percent of the Australian automotive exports.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The Automobile Market in Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Other leading consumers include Oman, Kuwait, Qatar and the UAE which means that any automotive maker planning to venture into Australia must be able to exploit these overseas opportunities that have already been created by the existing automakers (Kraft 2010). There are certain characteristics of the Australian overseas market especially in the Middle East that any player has to factor in. The products that Australia exports to the Middle East are not the same as the products consumed locally. Due to the availability low prices of oil in the Middle East, fuel efficient vehicles are not easily marketable in the region meaning that Australia exports top of the range vehicles to this market segment. As opposed to the domestic market in Australia, Passenger Motor vehicles are not in high demand overseas especially in the middle east where there are low populations and high preference for the top of the range vehicles because the consumers in most of these country are economically endowed. Conclusions Based on Research Findings From the above analysis of research information, it is evident that the Great Wall Motors may not e asily find a market share in Australia. The Australian transport infrastructure and customer preferences favour Passenger Motor Vehicles which the Great Wall Motors does not deal in currently. Currently there are four major competitors in the Australian motor industry meaning that an additional competitor would find it hard to compete with the existing automakers. The major disadvantage for Great Wall Motors is that it does not have the facilities to produce the kind of vehicles that are in concordance with the Australian market characteristics. Secondly the Great Wall motors specializes in sports utility vehicles which are largely unpopular in Australia meaning that it would hard for the company to make a breakthrough in the country. However, the future of the automotive market in Australia may favour the Great Wall motors because as mentioned above, people in Australia are now inclined towards small inexpensive sedans. Recommendations Currently, the competition in this segment is not as stiff and there is an opportunity success in this segment. I would recommend that Great Wall Motors target this emerging opportunity in the Australian market because the company already have facilities that can create a competitive advantage in this segment.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Great Wall Motors should therefore set up plants in Australia for manufacturing the small inexpensive sedans and also transfer some of its SUV operations to Australia to target the Australian overseas market especially in the Middle East. The current marketing strategies that Great Wall Motors uses by great wall marketing may not succeed in the Australian market because of the nature of the market that favours Passenger Motor Vehicles meaning that the company has to rework its marketing strategies to favour its new line of production. In Australia, the best strategy that can enhance its competitive advantage is market segmentation which will help the company to create niche markets (ABR 2008). Market segmentation will help Great Wall Motors to develop products that suit different classes of people in the country ensuring that each class or market segment is served with its own type of product (Kynge 2009). This is the only strategy that will help Great Wall Motor to penetrate the tr icky Australian automotive market. There are some additional resources that will be required to support the above recommendations for market segmentation. This includes a strong and effective research team that will study the Australian market so that the company can make strategies that are in line with the preference of the Australian customers. The Great wall motor company also needs a string sales and marketing team that will promote the new products in the Australian market and also ensure that the company attains a competitive advantage in the new market (China auto web 2010). The company also needs to invest in the state of the art plants to ensure it delivers products that are of higher quality than what the existing players deliver to the Australian and overseas automotive customers because this will be another source of competitive advantage for the company. All in all, it may not be easy for the company to excel in Australia but if the above recommendations are considered , the company can in the long run become a competitive player in this tricky automotive market. References Automotive Business Review (ABR) (2008) Great Wall Motor looks towards EU for exports. (Online) Available at: automotive-business-review.com . China Auto Web (2010) Great Wall Plans More KD Assembly Plants Overseas. Web. Available at: http://chinaautoweb.com/2010/08/great-wall-plans-more-kd-assembly-plants-overseas/. China Daily (2010) Great Wall banned from exporting GW Peri mini car. Web. Available at: chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/09gzautoexpo/2009-11/25/content_9050939.htm Global times (2010) Great Wall Motors vehicles hit Cambodian market (online) Available at: globaltimes.com/great wall motors. Kraft, R. (2010) Shaking the Globe: Courageous Decision-Making in a Changing World. Melbourne: C.U.P Kynge, J. (2009) Great Wall Motors Launches First Chinese-Made Cars into Australian Market themotorreport.com. Web. Available at: austrade.gov.au/Automotive-to-China/default.aspx. ( Acessed, 12 July 2009 Lynn, J. (2010) What is missing in the Australian automotive market. Web. Available at: themotorreport.com.au/4538/whats-missing-in-the-australian-automotive-market/ Unescap. (2009) Australian Automotive Market. Web. Available at: unescap.org/tid/publication/part_two2223_aus.pdf

Supervisor Interview Assignment III ( Is there someone who has Essay

Supervisor Interview Assignment III ( Is there someone who has Supervisor friends or contacts or you can be a interviewee if yo - Essay Example It is his duty to assess the performance of all employees working under the customer service department, their way of handling customer transactions, and to reprimand them when needed. He directly supervises a total of 20 employees under the customer service department. He graduated with a degree in Management. Before becoming a customer service supervisor, he was a customer service agent. Because of dedication and hard work he got promoted to this position. While he was still studying he was able to join seminars on work ethics and professionalism. He had also undergone management and leadership trainings provided by the company. He said that there a lot of qualities a good supervisor must possess but if he needs to mention three very important qualities, he will consider the following: Superb Leadership Skills- To effectively lead a team a supervisor should have this very important quality. Although it takes time to develop this one, but once a supervisor has it, then leading the t eam to success will be easy. Good Communication Skills- One of the most important components in business management is communication. Communication is not done in a way that will discourage an employee, there must be some sense of respect and openness to fully reach out to the members of the team. A Positive Attitude Towards Work- This type of job carries with it a big responsibility not only to the company but also to the customers. If the supervisor is able to show the eagerness to perform the job efficiently then the employees will be inspired to follow what their leader does. It's hard for him to determine the things that he wishes he knew before he became a supervisor. He just thought that he wishes he knew earlier the reason why we encounter customer complaints but he guesses it is true that you can never please everyone no matter how much effort you make. Secondly, he wishes he knew more about the things that cause signal disruptions because that is the usual complaint of our customers. He narrated that there was one time that a customer service agent received a call from a very angry female customer. She had complaints on signal disruption. The woman was so angry that the agent got frustrated and asked him to help her figure out a way to calm the customer down. Being the one in charge of handling these types of problems, he did not waste time; he talked to her politely and explained to her some possible causes of signal disruption. He then apologized to her for the inconveniences that interrupted her dealings and promised to take the necessary actions to solve the problem. He further stated that as a supervisor, he is the role model of the team. His own way of motivating his team members is by letting them feel that they are essential to the company. As much as possible he pushes them to do their best every day, and give them compliments every once in a while to boost their self confidence. He is lucky to have team members who are good listeners and fo llowers. He advised not to stop believing in your own capabilities. Never let other people ruin your beliefs and aspirations. He said that if you wish to become a supervisor in an instant that's definitely impossible not unless you came from a highly influential family. So he said to keep working hard and never surrender. Part II: Analysis Through this analysis, I will share my learnings and realizations from the recently conducted interview with the customer service supervisor. The interview shows an

Hospitality Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Hospitality Management - Essay Example The other important thing that I have learnt from this course is that managers have a very important role to foster organizational commitment among the members of the company. This significantly helps the members to identify with the company. There are various steps that can be taken in order to create commitment among the employees. It is important to motivate them as well as to create a flexible working environment where they are also in a position to fulfil their work-life goals. In the hospitality industry, the employees need to be motivated so that they can create an identity with the company they work for. This also helps to improve their performance. The other thing that I have acquired from this course is related to the aspect of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is just the same as internal motivation towards your own work. If you work in the hospitality industry, you ought to have internal motivation so that you can also be in a position to set your own goals in relation to your work. As individuals, we all have our own goals and aspirations to achieve to achieve at our workplace as well as personal goals. A fine balance between the two should be created so that we can develop that internal motivation that helps us to put more effort in our operations. I have also learnt that personal values are very important when operating in the hospitality industry. These are comprised of beliefs which shape our behaviour in the workplace. When dealing with other people especially in the hospitality industry, it is essential to be honest and truthful. I have realised that this personal value helps to create mutual trust with the clients. I have also noted that responsibility is another personal value that should always shape our behaviour in the hospitality industry since we should all be accountable for our actions. Above all, teamwork is very important in the hospitality industry. Through teamwork, members are

Was World War Two a Good War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Was World War Two a Good War - Essay Example This is evident with the commencement of WWII, which historically despite cited as a â€Å"good war† in terms of ending repressive regimes, is far from it due to then its associated mass extermination of human life and crippling of allies’ economies. Contrary to numerous scholars’ works not citing detrimental effects of the war, it yielded to immense loss of lives to both civilians and those who engaged autocratic or â€Å"evil forces† as commonly preferred. As Mooney states, â€Å"roughly 6 million Jews and approximately 4 million others were murdered in the â€Å"Holocaust† (Mooney, 110).† Hence, revealing the utter retaliations of autocratic forces after realizing their victims of the day had support from external world, which was ready for engagements. However, numerous history scholars despite noticing this utter humiliation tend to incline towards adopting political perspective while ignoring scars the war left in people’s hearts . Most of the retaliations made by the then â€Å"evil forces/powers† of the day encompassed unleashing terror on those who could not defend themselves. The core reason was to irritate other global blocs who through their actions of inducing peace seemed to defend victims despite most of them being not their citizens. However, these efforts by sympathizing blocs instead of bringing relieve to the suffering continued to worsen while trying to eliminate totalitarian regimes. According to Mooney’s sentiments, â€Å"100,000 more eventually died from burns and radiation sickness†¦ On 9 August a second atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki, killing 80,000 more Japanese (Mooney, 119).† This was more than what opposing peaceful blocs together with their allies of the then campaigned while in the quest of inducing peace and saving life. It is irrefutable WWII despite attributed with overthrowing and containing the then tyrannical powers, it yielded to the destruction and stagnation of numerous global economies. This is in terms of numerous resources that went into supporting the military forces against their autocratic enemies, which was not an easy task. According to Ernie, â€Å"For a mile out from the beach there were scores of tanks and trucks and boats that you could no longer see, for they were at the bottom of the water - swamped by overloading, or hit by shells, or sunk by mines (Ernie, â€Å"The Horrible Waste of War†).† This was one of the numerous destructions evidenced on both sides as each pioneering state solicited monetary and weaponry support from respective allies. Hence, rendering the war as the most expensive the world has ever had, which somehow crippled entire global economy. It also led to the disruption of family structure whose effect is still evident to date. The female gender ended up assuming male’s occupations where they worked in industries to support the then ongoing combat. During then, almost all men comprising the energetic gap ganged together compelled by their respective states to wage war against tyrannical powers. This is evident in Sauer’s confession citing, â€Å"I worked seven days a week† (Sauer, â€Å"The War Changed My Life Completely†). Hence, revealing utter situation she had to undergo due to the lack of labor force in industrial firms where

A Reflection on different volunteer work

A Reflection on different volunteer work It was my first day to join Market Craft Day as part of team of Pt Chevalier Community Centre. This market uses to be held on every third Saturday of the month and the purpose is for everyone in this community having a place to buy and sell goods such as second-hand house ware, handmade craft, food or anything they want to bring from home. This activity also provides resident, small business and organization an opportunity to connect with the community, to promote themselves and make a payback to the community because the fee from the stall booking is part of funding to operate the Community Centre and its programmes. My job was as an assistant to sell BBQ sausage with John, a committee member who has been called as Sausage manager and Sausage expert. That is because he has volunteered in this job for a long time. This is a joke between those team members as John is the youngest of the team and it is the way how they treat each other like family. From their conversation and the small talk, I found out Kiwis love to have humour and make jokes to express their concern for each other, especially for well-known friends. They also made jokes to me but not much that I think they might worry about I could not understand their jokes then get embarrassed. They were easy-going and had an opened heart to make friend with me even though I am from a different ethnic group. I could feel that how I was accepted as part of group and been treated like a family. I was really enjoying my time with them as they had shown me the most important cultural ritual of New Zealand treat everyone equally. In addition, during my volunteering, I learned how to cut onions and how to make BBQ sausage and custom-made sandwich. This is the first time of my life for doing this job. Through my work, I have known it is a very common recipe in New Zealand to have BBQ sausage with onion, mustard sauce and toast as a snack for outdoor activity. Besides, as John did, some people love to have toast with Spaghetti and tomato sauce which is another special western style that different from Asians. Compared with Taiwan, we use to have various traditional foods as our snack such as Chinese bun, Stinky tofu (smelly tofu) and Oyster omelette. The mobile stalls in Taiwan also need to be approved by local council for a licence to sell goods/food at roadside or local late-night market. There will be a penalty for no licensed stall. Reflection: Day 2 Core office work (Wednesday, 9.30am~1pm, 22 Sep 2010) Karen, the Coordinator of the organization, called me to come in to the centre and gave me some works to know the way around the place. She was also my interviewee who gave detailed information for my 10 culture and society questions and how this community centre operate. Based on her job description, I know she is a key to execute the programme of community centre and the committee of this non-profit organization are people to outline and to decide what programme can be launch for the community. I realized how important to have a community centre in the community after I did the office work and the interview. According to Karens information, every community centre is a Hub to link local public library, education institution and business/organization together to provide information and activities for people live in the local area. Any individual or various groups can use this place for any activity by just hiring a room of building, or leave their poster/brochure on the notice board to promote themselves. For example, a private childcare centre, where also provide free Spanish language learning environment, has its flyer placed on notice board so everyone might see its information when visit the centre. This is a free and convenient service that provide from the community centre for its community. I think it is also a proper place to exchange cultural value from different ethnic groups by having their activities here. Moreover, the School Holiday Programme is a good example to show how this community centre pays proper regard to education and multiculturalism. For example, it has various activities for age 5 to 13 years old children. The activities of September and October programme in this year included the First Aid course for kids, Hip Pop dance workshop, Surf lifesaving workshop and a play for a Chinese story The Secret of Dongting Lake which are very meaningful for developing childrens skill, personal ability and an opportunity to understand different cultural aspect. I think it is very clever to let children learn while playing through those seasonal programme and activities. Everyone, including their parents, can also make friends and have a connection for their social life after the activity. Its a very valuable contribution that the community centre gives us and the NZ society. Reflection: Day 3 Work in the Op-Shop (Thursday, 10.30am~1pm, 23 Sep 2010) Things that I had learned were not from my work in this Op-shop but from people here. Their behaviour and their thought gave me an idea to know why many New Zealander, especially the senior, have willing to be volunteer and how they made the changes for their community. Op-Shop of Pt Chevalier Community Centre is operated by volunteers who are Erin, Julie and a lady who I havent met yet. Erin is the team leader and the one to assist my learning. She makes the decisions and manages the shop to keep it run for its customers. This is not difficult to find out she is quite reliable and motivated in her role. She has an enthusiasm and a good intend to help people in this community. She low the price down or gave free gifts to the customers who seem to have financial difficulty. She notices the regular customer and keeps the goods, which they may need, beside her desk and give an acceptable price when they have come. She said there are not many people have enough money to buy what they want, therefore, the purpose of community centre is to help people for their need, that is the reason she gives the cheaper price and support them in this way. Under her management, the Op-shop has offered a free service for everyone who needs to promote their home business to have their price menu and business card display on the checkout desk. This is another way how Erin does to help and encourage people who is unemployed but has the skills for starting a new life. Her whole family include her daughter and grand-daughters, are all happy to involve in the volunteering work. They used to donate good quality clothes and purchase second hand goods from this shop. These is a very good example which Erin and her family have showed us for how people help each other in their community. This is good to see everyone happy, she said. In Taiwan, there are also many people work for charity foundations or religious institutions who contribute themselves to help the society. A quantity of them even has joined the global charity events such as what Red-Cross does. This is positive manner to give payback to our society. The truth is, we never know there will be one day we may need help from others so that why we dont try to give what we have at first. More cooperation between people in the society may have higher quality living environment that everyone may get the benefit from. In this case, I believe most of New Zealander has done this well from what I have seen in this community centre. Language learned from my volunteering work The committee members and volunteers of Pt Chevalier Community Centre are like a big family to me. They knew each other and have a good connection with local residents. The language they used in our interaction was between formal and informal which may depend on the level of relationship they have had with this person. There are two different ways of the language using that I had noticed from my participation. To well-known friends or relations, the words using and the topics of conversation choosing were quite flexible and included a lot of humour and colloquial words that I might not pick up from those natives utterance. In their small talk, they talked about friends or families they knew, gossiped about everyday matters and made jokes to each other. From here, I confirmed my impression of what I have seen when I first came to NZ that Kiwis are easy-going and love to make friends. On the other hand, when communicated with me, those people were quite friendly and had tended to slow down their speed and simple their words to make me understand them well. From their words usage, I could know they had a quality of education level that their behaviour and speaking were gentle and sophisticated. In this case, I remember what Karen said in my interview and indeed most of team member in this organization has had a strong social skill which is people skill. They know how to speak felicitously with people from different background and how to make their conversation smoothly to make both of us happy. Generally, the conversations with the team members had given me an opportunity to evaluate my English speaking level and to practice my communication skill with native speakers. In my self-evaluation, the positive I got is I dont have much trouble to make communication with them by using everyday language, such as greeting, telling the personal story, give the opinions of what I think about everyday matter and follow the instructions that I had been asked. Most of conversations were run smoothly but I knew there is still a gap to be narrowed if I could increase my English vocabulary to express myself properly and my comprehension of listening in English to understand their words. That is the negative side of my evaluation from my interactive tasks in this community centre. The racial tension in NZ multicultural society? From my volunteered work in Pt Chevalier Community Centre, I have met many people who have an open-mind to accept NZs multicultural aspect and treat it with respect. However, some information from people who work in this centre had widened my mind to see how native New Zealanders think about the immigrants, especially for Asian people. That has given me an idea how I behave and interact with native people who have different opinion about us. The Committee Chairman of this organization, Bruce, is a very gentle old man who was quite enthusiastic to assist my learning through my work in the Market and Craft day. He had given me some advices to make my CV and job application more successful through our interview. When we had a relevant conversation about people from different racial background like me, he told me a story of his sons employee who had been fired because his intention of refusing the service to customers who were Asian looking. Bruce had told me that many Kiwis have a misunderstanding about all Asian people in NZ are bad driver. I had made the complaint about this mistaken thought as kind of racial bias and I just realized that is the reason why my friends, my family and myself had experienced of being stared or shouted by Pakeha drivers when we drove a bit slow or made a wrong way driving accidently as it may sometimes be made by themselves as well. Just like the information acquired from Karen, the Coordinator of the organization, that when a number of Asian first came to NZ, many kiwis were very affronted about it for a long time. They thought Asian people may be able to come and take our country, our city and our lifestyle; and they took a couple of years, maybe 2 ~ 5 years to settle down. This is long time ago when they refused to have that immigration policy to allow more Asian people into the country. But now it just really accepted, generally it really accepted, [SIC] it was Karens reference of the general opinion of native resident. From her words, I was disappointed about the previous thinking of native people but pleased with the change that they have made. In fact, there are always two sides of a coin that people will see from different angel of view. Most people in this community that I have met are very kind to accept NZs multicultural society which they are living in but just a few have negative behaviour to us, immigrant from Asia countries, which I really like to ignore to live in peace with them. In conclusion, I agree that people in NZ are just like people in Taiwan who are definitely allowed to have a right to give critical opinions to people who may cause any harm to this beautiful and peaceful country. However, it is better to keep their thinking in objective way and not so subjective to create a difficult living environment for those immigrants to live in. That is absolutely unfair for what we have faced the racial tension in NZ.

Why We Need Universal Healthcare Essay -- Health Care, Medicare

Why We Need Universal Healthcare Many would argue that here, in the United States, we have the best healthcare in the world. We benefit from the most up to date medical technologies, medications, and services. People come from every corner of the world to take advantage of our top notch physicians and facilities. But is this reputation warranted, and if so, at what cost? The average annual cost per US resident is $7,681; this comprises 16.2% of our gross domestic product. These costs rank us among the highest of industrialized nations (Lundy, 2010). Does this high expenditure equate to better outcomes? According to the National Scorecard on US Health System Performance (2008), the US received a 65 out of 100 possible points. Compared with 19 other industrialized nations, the US came in last place in preventable mortality. Preventable mortality means just that, deaths which could have been prevented if â€Å"timely and effective care† could have been provided (The Commonwealth Fund on a High Performanc e Health System, 2008). In 2000, the World Health Organization performed their first ever comparison of the health systems of the world. They reviewed 191 different countries and ranked them on numerous parameters, the United States ranked 37th for overall health system performance (WHO, 2000). Is it that our healthcare system is truly that poor, or is it that our care is only excellent for those patients who can actually afford it? A universal healthcare system would not only provide healthcare for all, it could also decrease our healthcare spending and potentially produce better health outcomes. High quality and less expensive healthcare can be achieved with a universal healthcare model. In fact, the United States is the... ...healthcare. At this point, the law encourages the free market system by requiring employers to purchase private insurance for their employees or face penalties. It also imposes new regulations on private insurers mandating that they provide insurance for all people, regardless of health status and preexisting conditions (KaiserEDU.org, 2010). The effects of the new act will not be seen for many years, the majority of the sections are not required to be in action until 2014. In the meantime, detractors of the law are working tirelessly to have it overturned. We have the benefit of closely examining how other countries of the world provide healthcare for all of their citizens. We can compare what works with what does not. Maybe it’s time we stop trying to fix our already broken system and focus on real change, universal healthcare as a right, not a privilege.

Speech on 14th August

Child labour and poverty are inevitably bound together and if you continue to use the labour of children as the treatment for the social disease of poverty, you will have both poverty and child labour to the end of time. (Grace Abbott) Today, there are millions of children who work as wage-earners. They are deprived of childhood, love, nutrition and social association. Child labour emerged during the industrial revolution and today it has become a very serious problem. It is a world-wide phenomenon. Extreme poverty large families, lack of free and compulsory education These children have no chance to attend school and have no choice except to work as unskilled labour. These children are compelled to live below poverty line all their lives. There are many laws against child labour in Pakistan and in other countries but these laws alone cannot control the exploitation of children. We must get the support of all the people of the society to control this menace. According to the law, no child below the age of fourteen can be employed in any hazardous job. Another law states that children should not be made to work beyond their capacity and they should be given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner. However, all these laws have failed to check the problem of child labour. Stringent laws should be enacted and exemplary punishment should be given to those who exploit children for their selfish end SPARC has conducted research that goes into producing its publications, including three major books on child labour, juvenile justice and child rights. Its annual report The State of Pakistan’s Children and a large number of brochures, SPARC has conducted a number of research studies. SPARC has continued to ask successive governments to upgrade their laws to set a legal age limit for employment in Pakistan, although they have not been successful in doing so.

Genetic Engineering The Frontier essays

Genetic Engineering The Frontier essays Science is a still somewhat obscure creature that continues to evolve, radically changing the face of mankind perhaps faster than its creator. The magnificent world of science has witnessed many profound breakthroughs and advances in this past century, but none as noteworthy as genetic engineering. As a subset of the more general subject of biotechnology, genetic engineering is the process of altering genetic material by purposeful manipulation of DNA (Wallace 339). To some, this field illustrates malicious scientists playing God, while to others it is a treasure chest of knowledge that holds the key to solving problems such as world hunger, cancer, and AIDS. Scientists have already been able to turn microbes into millions of tiny factories producing drugs, alcohol, and chemicals, and astonishing forecasts are being made for genetic engineerings future contributions to health, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture (Sylvester 2). By engineering the plants and other organisms that are the s ource for medications, possible defects that may occur due to mutations and genetic diseases can be avoided completely. This could not only produce a more effective medicine, but save lives as well. However, risks still remain in using genetic engineering to solve the worlds problems. Questions arise concerning ethics, public safety, and misuse by the economically or politically powerful, but how can we as human beings know what is truly to come? Read Aldous Huxleys ,A Brave New World, or perhaps Asimovs, Foundation. Truthfully, there is no telling what the future holds, other than the ability to research and understand more about this incredible science of genetics. It is worth taking the risk to gain more knowledge and try to solve these problems that plague the world than shut it back up in Pandoras Box. As a student, I find biology, specifically genetics, extremely fa ...

Pascal programming Essay Essays

Pascal programming Essay Essays Pascal programming Essay Paper Pascal programming Essay Paper Pascal Programming Arieus Green Professor Gary Smith Sam Houston State University Pascal was designed in 1968, but was no published until the 1970 by the mind of a man named Niklaus Wirth. Niklaus Wirth was born in Winterthur, Switzerland in 1934 were he attended Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich. Where he soon earns his degree in Electronic Engineering by the mid 1960s. Pascal was named based off the memory of the late Baise Pascal, a famous French Philosopher as well as a major mathematician (Bill Catambay). This particular language was inspired by Algol along with Simula 67. Although pascal resembles Algol, It far surpasses it in run precision and capabilities. Pascal was designed to be a straight forward block Structured programming. Pascal structurally sound functionality provided the way for several new languages we use today for example, Ada, Java, Modula and so many others. Pascal was design to farther educate the development of a systematically discipline construct. Pascal was initially designed to influence the practice of good or better program design. The language in particular is an imperative and procedural programming language (Bill Catambay). Imperative programming language simply describes the computation of each term as a statement. This important detail makes it easier to produce a programming code, it also has the capacity to use structure programming alongside with data structuring. All of these things take care of the clarity as well as the quality of each program written in pascal. By this time pascal has been at the top of its game being both reliable as well as efficient. Pascal is a strongly typed, block structure programming language (Bill Catambay). It has evolved with enough power to run home projects, commercial industries and many other entures. Wirth was very particular when the designs were planned out. Much of the pascal language is similar to what we see in our C or Java languages. Some of its features make pascal easy to understand and maintain. The programming Structure of pascal consist of; program name, uses command type, declarations, Statements data object and or functions. Every Pascal program has a heading statement, a declaration and execution in that exact order. Basic syntax variable are placed in the beginning of a statement, followed by a definition of some sort. Declaring a variable s straight forward in the design of pascal. By using keywords like var allows the programmer a number of abilities. Which include declaring string, integers, records and other defining types. This is followed by the capability to use functions and procedures. In Pascal procedures are instructions to execute within the program with no return. Functions are similar in attributes with the exception of having a return value. Like Ada, Pascal is not case sensitive. Pascal Programs are generally formed by several statements. Every statement gives the program a Job by stating or defining xactly what that Job is. Each Job should consist of declarations, assignment, reading or writing data and taking logical statements. Similar to other languages, Pascal has words on reserved such as array, begin and end. These words you would not be allowed use as a variable and to declare any value. Pascal also has a number of different data types that include the standard, integer, real, Boolean and structured array records and file. These constants make it easier for the programmer to read. Pascal has the ability to use numerical, logical, string and character constants. Pascal as many other types, the enumerated type is a data type defined by the user. They give most value the qualification to be specified in a list. Pascal uses variable as a define storage space. Operators are used in every programming language in pascal uses as manipulations of mathematical or logical functionality. There is a list of operators used in pascal involving arithmetic, relations, Boolean, bit, set and string Operands. Each operand has a different responsibility and implementation. Pascal decision making is design for the programmer to specify all condition to evaluated and test by the program. All statements have to have a true or false result and or reroute to another statement of the programmers choice. Helping with these logic statement would me key words like if-then, if-then-else, nest-if statement and many more (Micheal Van Cannegt). These statements can lead one to a loop, where some code that is to be executed multiple times. A loop is usually executed in a specific order the first followed by the second and so on. Pascal also has loop control statement feature that will allow breaks which can call for the termination of a loop or any case statement that has out grown its parameter. Goto statements can transfer control but this feature is not often used. Programmer use a number of small sections of code called subprogram (Victor John Saliba). Every one of these subprograms preforms a particular task as modules. There are two kinds of subprograms function and procedure. Functions are small programs that have a single return value of some variety. Every pascal has to have as many as one function to call it a program and other smaller program to define added functionalities. Pascal functions usually consist of a header, the declaration and a body. The function eader has only two main objects, the keyword and the name of that function. There are many other part to a function, by which include the argument, this is often where the programmer calls the program and the formal parameters. The formal parameter could be an array, subprogram or structured variables. The declaration function simply speaks to the compiler giving it instructions on how to call that specific program it ultimately has the same attributes as the function subprogram. The difference being in the format of the keywords, which is procedure being one of them nstead of function. Pascal file handling capabilities are second to none and are very simple to generate. For instant, notice that there is not a word on reserve for the reading or writing to a file, the usual format to use is readln() or writeln(). When reading a file the base type could be an integer real, Boolean, enumerator, subrange, record, arrays each one but certain other file types. Pascal was a powerful language and tool in 1970s and has become a more advanced language over time. Pascal has been through a few update and changes to the language. In being this reliable and fficient Pascal will continue to be of use in the near future. References freepascal. org/advantage. var ftp://ftp. freepascal. org/pub/fpc/docs-pdf/ref. pdf, Reference guide for Free Pascal, version 2. 6. 2 Document version 2. 6. February 2013 pascal-central. com/ppl/chapter2. html. The Pascal Programming Language. Bill Catambay. 0 2001 Academic Press. http://pascal-programming. info/ index. php. pascal Programming. Victor John Saliba 2006. computerhistory. org/fellowawards/hall/bios/Niklaus,Wirth/ . Copyright 0 2013 Computer History Museum

Law for business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Law for business - Essay Example The customer bought an action against the manufacturer on the basis that there had been a fault in the hardware of the computers. The fault meant that the computer could not be repaired in time and this resulted in considerable loss to the customer, as its business had to meet a crucial deadline. The customer claimed that there had been a breach of contract because the computers were not of satisfactory quality which is an implied term in the contract and moved on to say that there had been negligence on part of the manufacturer as he had made defective products and thus they wanted the cost of the computers as well as the lost profits. The legal basis of the claim would thus be for breach of an implied term and if there are any express terms as to the quality of the products and negligence on the part of the manufacturer in making the product. Finally if the computer would have caused any other damage, there might have been liability under product liability. The manufacturer has limited his liability in the first clause only to the total cost of the computer and so if either a breach of contract or negligence is proved, he must pay for the total cost of the computers. However, under clause 2 since the loss was incidental or as a consequence of the fault, the manufacturer would not be held liable as the clause has limited liability for such damages, whether it is tort or contract. Under the Data Protection Act 1998, the data has to be processed in accordance with the law and in a manner which is fair and proper. As for the application of the Act, if the firm is small the act applies to both, customer as well as existing and former employees. If information is collected from employees they must be informed of the use that the information is going to be put to and provide them with the right to access such information and correct it in the future. Further, such use of passed on information is done fairly. Any information being passed on to third parties must be

Marketing of Drugs, by Pharmaceutical Companies Essay

Marketing of Drugs, by Pharmaceutical Companies - Essay Example By presenting these aspects of the marketing perspective of the pharmaceutical industry this paper attempts to come to the conclusion that in the final outcome of these marketing practices it is the care of the patients that is negatively affected. Introduction: Market conditions have never been so good for the pharmaceutical industry. The amount of money spent in the United States of America on prescription drugs was a whopping $141 billion in 2001, as per figures provided by the CMS Office of the Actuary. This expenditure on prescription drugs has made it the third largest factor in the expenditure on national health care in the United States of America. In 1990 for every dollar spent on health care, prescription drugs made up six cents. The proportional expenditure on prescription drugs has shown a significant rise by 2001 to ten percent. By 2010, this proportional expenditure on prescription drugs is expected to rise to 14.2%, more than doubling, in a period of two decades. There have been several factors that have contributed to this remarkable growth in spending on prescription drugs. These factors are the increased use of prescription drugs, an aging population, development of new therapeutic agents for the treatment of chronic ailmen ts, increasing consumer demand for prescription drugs, and the escalating cost of drugs. Unfortunately these good times have not made the pharmaceutical companies satisfied with the profits that this extra demand for prescription drugs would generate from their existing market share of the expenditure on prescription drugs. Instead the lure of raking in profits has made the pharmaceutical industries attempt to carve out a larger share of the pie, in terms of the prescription drug market.

Commercialization in Canada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Commercialization in Canada - Essay Example The diagram given below gives an indication of the contribution of commercialization towards the GDP of Canada. The diagram indicates that contribution of commercialization towards the GDP has been very low and more volatile in nature. The growth rate of commercialization has been volatile and erratic in nature. If the growth rate of commercialization is compared with other countries like USA and UK, then it becomes evident that Canada has to make a lot of improvements to match with the advanced countries.The diagram below gives an indication of the initiative taken by the University and colleges for spending in the research and development projects. The indication of the spending in research and development projects bears a special importance. This is because of the reason that technological innovation and development are one of the prime drivers of commercialization. Studies indicate that in comparison to other countries the fund allocated to the colleges and Universities for condu cting research and development works is significantly less.The above diagram gives an indication of the spending by the various sectors like private non-profit, provincial governments, the federal government, universities and industry in research and development activities.The analysis of the spending in research and development activities by various groups indicates that the spending by the provincial governments and federal governments are significantly low. Whereas the spending by the universities is significantly more.... The indication of the spending in research and development projects bears a special importance. This is because of the reason that technological innovation and development are one of the prime drivers of commercialization. Studies indicate that in comparison of other countries the fund allocated to the colleges and Universities for conducting research and development works is significantly less. Fig 2: Research and development fund allocated for GDP Source: (Kenney, 2013) The above diagram gives an indication of the spending by the various sectors like private non-profit, provincial governments, federal government, universities and industry in research and development activities. Fig 3: Commercialization development index Source: (Kutsuna, 2013) The analysis of the spending in research and development activities by various groups indicates that the spending by the provincial governments and federal governments are significantly low. Whereas the spending by the universities is signifi cantly more, this is a cause of concern (Litan, 2012). This is because of the reason that studies indicate that those countries which are characterized by larger spending initiatives by governments and federal bodies have more chances of increasing the success rate of commercialization. Discussion of the reasons for poor commercialization Studies indicate that successful commercialization depends upon the management skills of the startups. The poor management skill of the people heading the startup projects in Canada is one of the reasons for poor development of commercialization. The infrastructures provided by the government to support the startup are proving to be insufficient. Canada also lacks the number of anchor companies. The

Effects of Prostitution Essay Example for Free

Effects of Prostitution Essay Ones adolescent stage is viewed as innocent and pure. However, a multi-million dollar industry within our world strips teens from their youth and leaves them fighting for their lives. Children as young as 10 are working the streets as their life style revolves around prostitution. United States of America implies an image that any individual can live a life filled with money. However, not everyone reaches this â€Å"American Dream†. Those who were not born into money know the hardships of the streets and the feeling of desperation and loneliness. Societies youth fall victim to prostitution as an ttempt to fill a void within their lives. Their bodies become the product of their new found income. Media avoids revealing the truth about teen prostitution and many individuals within society show little interest nor sympathy towards them. Unfortunately, many view teen prostitution as a crime and those who are involved in teen prostitution are referred to as criminals. However, society is incapable of seeing beyond stereotypes. Teen prostitutes fall victim to countless obstacles that have taken place within their personal life in which lead them to be stripped from their innocence and forced to sell their odies in order to survive. In a world that revolves around money, sex, and drugs, these teens become vulnerable to STDs and put themselves in situations in which can be life threatening. Read more:  Effects of Prostitution Both sexes undergo intensive psychological damage while prostituting and feel as if it is impossible to escape from the world they have so willingly ran to. In Joan J. Johnsons, Teen Prostitution, Johnson evaluates Americas youth and the connection with the rapid increase in teen prostitutes and the reasons why teens choose this path. Majority of youths enter the life style of a prostitute due to growing up in busive homes, feeling neglected, or have been dealing with money struggle to support their drug habit. Evidently, throughout Johnsons analysis she reveals a solution on how to prevent our youths from resulting to prostitution, her answer involves a prevention plan. Through statistics, articles, and personal stories, Johnson successfully unravels the truth behind why teens end up on the streets and the outcome of this social problem. Joan J. Johnsons, Teen Prostitution is structured into ten chapters. Within her novel Johnson goes into depth and evaluates the cause, process, and outcome of teens who urn to prostitution. Statistics have shown that an estimate of 400,000 teens enter the world of prostitution. According to Johnsons research: All but 5 percent of todays teenage prostitutes have been violently physically abused, many by their own parents. All but 15 percent have been coerced into having incestuous sexual relations with their families members [ ] 5 percent have been sexually abused by other people not in the immediate family. Finally only 2 percent come from families that have remained intact with both natural parents still leaving at home. ( Johnson 12) It is clear that societies youths feel the need to escape as a result to the feeling of betrayal from family members. However, studies have shown that not all teens fall victim to extensive abuse or betrayal. Some choose this life style or have fallen in love with their pimps. These types of situations prevent the teen from leaving this form of activity. Johnson provides a study by Dr. Michael Braizerman from the University of Minnesota to back up her theory. Dr. Braizerman states that pimps use manipulation and persuasion to keep these females and sometimes males hooked on prostituting. Some of these tactics include drug addiction and dependency. Pimps target those who are socially awkward, and unattractive, then these pimps navigate themselves into this individuals life and makes them believe there is something better along side them and there business. Johnson stresses how abused children would rather sell their bodies than stay within a home where they feel abandoned and where they are surrounded by violence. Therefore, teens take drastic measures and find themselves on the streets, barely clothed, and turning tricks for a few dollars. In Elaine Landaus, On the Streets, Landau reveals hat around 85 percent of those who run away from there abused parents are most likely to become involved in prostitution. In a global scale approximately 2 million teens run away each year and 20 percent of these teens become full-time prostitutes. It is clear that with Johnsons collected data she declares that abused teens not only face psychological hardships, but they are most likely to take part in hard-core prostitution. These teens have now formed dependency among there pimps and â€Å"sugar daddies†. Johnson goes into depth when discussing the forms of abuse that can ultimately destroy a hild and force them to grow up into the world of prostitution. Johnson demonstrates four forms of abuse that can take place within ones childhood and adolescent stage. One of Johnsons evidence for why teens result to prostituting is because most of these teenagers have originated from abusive homes. An abusive home can include parents that show little to no interest to their offspring or can be considered as irresponsible towards their family duties. When abuse takes places it leaves the victim vulnerable and unable to defend for themselves. Physical abuse involves a parent using their fists or hysical object. Johnson explains tha t physical abuse has been ignored by society for decades. However, its internal damage is hard to ignore. Evidence collected proved that females were more accountable for physical abuse rather than males. Seventy-five out of a hundred female prostitutes have admitted to being abused by a male father figure in their childhood. Joan J. Johnson says, â€Å"Most often, youths are â€Å"put down† as failures, weaklings, and unwanteds. † (Johnson 51). Successfully Johnson was able to show how emotional abuse can also impact children and force them to make choices that will ffect their lives forever. Through verbal abuse, children begin to lack self-esteem and begin to believe everything that their parents call them, having them helpless and incapable of accomplishment. Children who face sexual abuse use endure this from a very young age. Johnson states that sexual abuse could be the main reason why teens lash out and become prostitutes. Johnson refers to this form of abuse as, â€Å"the fastest growing category of family-violence cases. † (Johnson 52). Johnson proves that sexual abuse can range from an age as early as three and can continue until the child leaves home. Joans final form of abuse is considered as incest. According to Johnson incest involves a child that is being sexually abused by a member within their own family. Evidently Johnsons claim on the affects of abuse within ones childhood proves that no matter the form of abuse, it leaves the victim with psychological damage. These victimized children see no other way and are convinced it is their duty to submit themselves. Johnson states that years of sexual abuse forces the victim to allow others to sexually abuse them as well. Clearly a pattern begins to take its shape and these victimized teens see no other option but to flee to the streets since they were betrayed by those who were meant to care, protect, and nurture them. With any form of abuse comes along the higher percentage that these victims of abuse or rape will soon turn into teen prostitutes. The term neglect is frequently used by Johnson within her novel, as she evaluates the structure within ones home and the neglect that these teenage victims are forced to overcome. Johnson states that, â€Å"Many come from homes charged with tension. † (Johnson 44). Along with tension comes arguments, unhappiness, and abandonment. Neglect usually starts from a troubled home. These troubled homes occasionally include a family member who possesses a drug or alcohol addiction. Johnson provides her readers evidence to support her theory, as a result about 70 percent of teen prostitutes claimed to have watched their families crash and burn through divorce or separation. The author then declares that once a family is shattered, the victims life undergoes countless challenges. Neglect is shown towards the child as neither parent feels the need to care for their offspring. This leaves the child to wonder for a father or mother figure. In order to fill the void of attention and care, these teens find hope within their pimps and fellow prostitutes. In their eyes, this type of relationship is the best they can receive and the closest to a family. Ken Magid, chief of psychological services at Golden Medical Clinic in Colorado said that â€Å"few children are ever able to trust others or form intimate, deep relationships. † Due to all the traumatic stress and neglect provided by their families these teens will become un-attached to reality. Many of these teen prostitutes were forced to grow up at a very young age, due to the lack of a parent figure. The outcome of a troubled home results in a child having to facing drug or alcohol abuse, or form a mental illness. Alongside neglect, disappointment, and rejection comes the terms of a â€Å"runaway†, â€Å"throwaway†, and â€Å"foster care runaways†. Each form have demonstrated neglect in one way or another from a family member or parent figure in which forces these teens to run from their problems and seek salvation. Johnson refers to a runaway as a teen who chooses to leave their home, whether it be due to abuse or neglect. Statistics has shown that the longer an individual stays on the streets, the more likely they will turn to prostitution and avoid returning home. According to Joan J. Johnson, family troubles are the main reason why runaways occur within America. Unlike a runaway whom chooses to leave their troubled home, a throwaway is given no choice and thrown out by their guardian. Johnson uses a study collected by a U. S Senate committee that states that families kick their children out before they are capable of fending for themselves. These parents refuse to take their children back into their homes due to a mental illness or he fact that they are unable to cope with them any longer. Johnson successfully demonstrates the change that has occurred within the United States in the last few decades. It is clear that decades before our time, extended family would usually step in if a relative was in needed or neglected by their own intimate family. However, Johnson has acknowledged that as time has passed our so called extended family have begun to isolate themselves and move farther away with little to no communication. Therefore, with no help from relatives, these throwaways are left with no other choice then to sell the nly thing they have to offer, their bodies. Majority of teen prostitutes have originated through the foster care system. Johnson recognized that most of these teens were put into foster care due to being in neglected homes. However, evidently these teens were already damaged mentally and physically that it was too late to save them from prostituting. On the other hand Johnson adds that the foster care system can also share the blame in pursuing a teen to runaway and turn to prostituting. Even with support from social workers and foster parents, some of these children are scarred to the point where they reject any orm of relationship. Johnson lashes out against the media and blames the media for putting a negative light against foster parents and the foster care system in general. Due to the perspective of the media, many teens view the streets as a more safer gateway in comparison to the foster care system. Despite the fact that if these teens are runaways or throwaways, they have been forced down a path in which no soul should be forced to go down. Abusive homes and neglect forces a teen to end up on the streets. However, drugs and money are the reasons why some of our youths stay. The drug world is a multi-million dollar industry and is sed by pimps to secure their prostitutes and ensure they continue their business. Johnson stresses the use of drugs and its important role in the prostitution world. Pimps offer drugs to their prostitutes and manipulate them into thinking that it is a form of an escape. After a drug addiction is formed, Johnson says, â€Å"drugs have long been used to create dependencies that entrap male and female prostitutes, keeping them working, passive, and obligated in order to support their habits. † (Johnson 96). Pimps have developed strategies that ensure their prostitutes loyalty to their business. Once again, Johnson compares the past and present. She identifies the drug abuse that occurred in the past in comparison to recent years. Johnson states that in the past pimps were the ones who introduced teens to drugs and addiction. However, times have changed and now teens have already experimented with drugs long before entering the streets. It is clear that many teens turn tricks just to support their drug addiction. Johnson claims that as a teens drug addiction worsens the harder it is to resist prostituting. Not only do drugs pursue a teen to prostitute, but money does as well. Money is the key attribute for survival and like any other human being, it is viewed as a necessity.